A Two-Year Review of Significant Events in Afghanistan Following the Taliban’s Seizure of Power in 2021

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The following is an overview of critical milestones in the two years after the Taliban reclaimed control in Afghanistan, a change ushered in by the withdrawal of U.S. and NATO troops:

• Aug. 15, 2021: As President Ashraf Ghani, who had international backing, flees the nation, the Taliban makes its triumphant entry into Kabul.

• Aug. 26, 2021: Over 170 Afghans and 13 U.S. military members are killed by Islamic State group suicide bombers and gunmen at Kabul’s airport, where throngs of people were trying to evacuate.

• March 23, 2022: Contradicting a previous commitment, the Taliban abruptly informs girls above the sixth grade, who had come for the first day of high school, that they are not permitted to attend.

• May 7, 2022: The Taliban’s Virtue and Vice Ministry mandates that women must wear full-body robes in public and only reveal their eyes. Women are also encouraged to stay home unless they have vital reasons to leave.

• June 22, 2022: An intense earthquake devastates a secluded area in eastern Afghanistan, resulting in over 1,100 deaths. The Taliban’s ineffective rescue efforts highlight a deficiency in resources and dependence on aid organizations.

• July 31, 2022: In Kabul, U.S. forces kill Ayman al-Zawahri, the leader of al-Qaida, accusing the Taliban of harboring him against the terms of the Doha Agreement.

• Sept. 5, 2022: Two diplomats at the Russian Embassy in Kabul die in an IS suicide attack. Russia’s is one of the few functioning embassies in Afghanistan, and the sole European one.

• Sept. 30, 2022: A suicide bomber targets a Shiite education center in the capital, resulting in the deaths of many, including teenagers preparing for university exams.

• Nov. 10, 2022: Women are prohibited from using gyms and parks nationwide. The Taliban imposes this ban citing violations of gender segregation or improper wearing of hijabs.

• Nov. 20, 2022: 19 individuals, including alleged adulterers, are publicly whipped by the Taliban, marking the first such punishment since their return to power.

• Dec. 8, 2022: A convicted murderer is publicly executed by the Taliban, the first of its kind since their takeover.

• Dec. 21, 2022: University attendance is denied to female students, adding to the existing prohibitions on girls in middle and high school.

• Dec. 24, 2022: Afghan women are prevented from working with both national and international NGOs by the Taliban, further limiting their employment opportunities.

• March 9, 2023: The U.N. declares Afghanistan the most oppressive country in the world for women and girls, virtually stripping them of all fundamental rights.

• April 6, 2023: The leading spokesperson for the Taliban relocates his office to Kandahar, indicating a likely shift in power to the movement’s spiritual homeland.

• April 10, 2023: The U.N. raises an alarm over the severe under-funding of its Afghan efforts, emphasizing the global significance of the crisis despite it being the least-funded operation.

• July 4, 2023: Beauty salons are ordered closed by the Taliban for providing services deemed un-Islamic, impacting up to 60,000 female entrepreneurs and limiting women’s social spaces.

• July 19, 2023: Women protesting the beauty salon ban are met with stun guns by the Taliban, who also use water spray and fire shots in the air to disperse the crowd.

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