India

India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on its south and southwest coasts, it shares land borders with Pakistan to its west; China Nepal , Bhutan to its northeast; and Bangladesh Myanmar across both of which are separated from India’s eastern border by East India region . Its capital city is New Delhi ; other major cities include Mumbai Kolkata , Chennai Bangalore , Hyderabad Ahmedabad

The Indian subcontinent was home to an ancient Indus Valley civilization that flourished for several millennia before being invaded around 1500 BC by Indo-Aryans who brought Hinduism as well as Sanskrit language . From this period onward various dynasties have dominated much of southern central northern India until 1947 when British Raj ended after which modern nation state emerged out of former princely states. Since then independent India has witnessed religious violence communal conflict sectarian strife along with unprecedented economic growth social progress during last two decades including increased domestic foreign investments liberalization privatization improved infrastructure international integration easier access to technology etcetera

India has diverse geography ranging from Himalayan Mountains located at north side desert region Thar Desert western part lush rainforests eastward plains Gangetic valley Great Rann Eastern coastlines Andaman Nicobar Islands Bay Bengal Arabian Sea beyond them While tropical forests evergreen mangroves coastline make up parts terrain climate varies greatly each region largely determined elevation relief proximity ocean bodies monsoon winds During summer months temperature can exceed forty degrees Celsius while winters bring temperatures down below freezing especially North West regions Northern areas experience snowfall alpine tundra quite common higher reaches Himalayas As result variety flora fauna found throughout entire territory comprising thousands species endemic many threatened endangered categories according International Union Conservation Nature IUCN list The population consists numerous ethnic groups cultures religions languages distinct traditions making extremely complex yet vibrant culture Four World Religions Christian Hindu Islam Sikh originate here constituting largest number followers outside their faith’s respective homelands Additionally Jain Buddhism smaller communities also present Economy based combination agriculture services industry sectors main agricultural products rice wheat pulses spices horticultural crops tea coffee sugarcane jute cotton oilseeds livestock fisheries forestry Major industrial exports include textiles leather goods engineering software telecommunications gems jewelry chemicals fertilizers food processing poultry pharmaceuticals automobiles medical equipment tourism transport among others In recent years rise information communications technologies such cellular phones internet satellite television revolutionized lives Indians pace modernization quickening although large pockets rural poor remain scattered all corners nation Despite these challenges education healthcare standards rising steadily allowing citizens enjoy fruits prosperity more than previous generations