AP PHOTOS: A shepherd keeps up the ancient rite of guiding sheep across northern Spain

A: The ancient transhumance tradition in northern Spain involves the seasonal migration of a large flock of 1,000 sheep and goats guided by a shepherd, Ángel Mari Sanz, along the historic route known as “La Cañada de The Roncaleses.” This tradition dates back to the ninth century and takes the flock from the arid lands of Las Bardenas Reales in Navarra to the cooler, greener valleys and mountains of the Pyrenees.

A: The sheep migration journey takes approximately seven days to complete. Over this period, shepherd Ángel Mari Sanz skillfully guides the flock through the rugged terrain, ensuring their safe passage.

A: Shepherds and environmentalists promote the practice of transhumance because it is considered more sustainable and helps protect the land from wildfires. The animals graze on grass, leaves, and twigs along the way, reducing the risk of vegetation overgrowth, which can lead to wildfires.

A: Modern farming methods have reduced the prevalence of transhumance in Spain and other countries. As agriculture has become more industrialized, traditional practices like transhumance have declined.

A: During the journey, the shepherd and the flock face challenges such as intense heat, fatigue, and occasionally, the loss of some animals. However, the shepherd’s expertise and knowledge of the terrain help them overcome these obstacles.

A: Ángel Mari Sanz has a deep attachment to his life as a shepherd and the pastoral freedom it brings. However, he expresses concerns about the lack of support for the rural world and does not wish for his daughter to continue this challenging lifestyle.

A: Transhumance has environmental benefits as the grazing of the animals helps maintain the balance of vegetation, prevents wildfires, and contributes to the overall ecological health of the region.

A: Transhumance preserves cultural heritage by keeping alive an ancient tradition that dates back to the ninth century. It represents the connection of people to their land, history, and way of life in northern Spain.